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Andrej Dynko:
Sacrificial therapy
Letter
from a prison in Minsk
I am writing these lines on Monday at 11 pm. With luck, these notes
will reach the office of Nasha Niva just in time to be printed. The
lights are out, but the prison is not sleeping. It is as loud as a
jungle in the night. Voices and even laughter can be heard from the
cells. The sounds of the prison remind me of a summer camp for
children. During the day the prisoners play chess (with figures
sculpted from bread), "mafia", battleship, and solve crossword puzzles.
When the night comes, it is time for verbal games. Prisoners recall the
riot police and guards they have met, and tell spicy jokes about the
dictator and his camarilla, state radio hosts, and sergeants who were
gathered from all corners of the Belarusian capital to Akrestsina
prison in Minsk. "Calm down, motherf*****!" – the guards remind the
prisoners about their existence, but the buzz doesn't get any more
quiet. There is a lit bulb in a small window above the door. It gives
me enough light to write.
An hour ago, the guard told the guys in the cell opposite us that 300
more arrested are being taken to Akrestsina. It sounds unreal, it's
difficult to believe him. Who can joke like that after a whole week of
continuous arrests? We heard of the last big transport of prisoners on
Saturday. First there was a rumour that a 15 000-strong protest march
was heading towards Akrestsina. Two hours later the interior minister
Navumau confirmed this in his interview with Belarusian state radio.
The prison met his words with chants of "Long live Belarus!"
accompanied by rumbling and clanking at the radiators. Barely warm now,
they are totally cold during the day.
We sit in a new prison building, not yet completed, but already full of
those arrested in the square and around it. There are 8 of us in a cell
designed for 5, and, by using a method of proportion, we try to
estimate the number of internees. We have no idea how many cells there
are in the old prison building. There are about 40 in the new one. How
many of us are there? In the dinner list we put our numbers as 327,
329... Five hundred? Six hundred? Belarusian state radio, the only
means of information we have, doesn't tell us anything about the
numbers of the arrested – a clear sign that the number is huge!
I was standing with my hands back, facing the wall, in the reception of
the old prison building, and Aliosha Yanukevich (deputy chairman of the
Belarusian People's Front) was speaking to me from behind the steel
door. There is Yury Sidun, Andrej Tserashkou – a total of 11 prisoners
in his cell. The old building is warm, but stinks like a homeless
tramp. There are no single beds here. As I stand in a line to be
searched, I can hear the voice of Anatoly Lyabedzka (chairman of the
United Civic Party) in cell number 4, he demands something from the
guard. And isn't it the baritone of philosopher Akudovich that I hear
from the sanitary check room?
On Saturday we will receive the new issue of Nasha Niva along with the
packages from our relatives. Using the cardboard packs of the
toothbrush, we will cut it into separate pages, and I will be amazed to
see the advice of the experienced Alpinist Akudovich for those who want
to survive in the tents. Did I really hear the voice of my brother?
Two of the prison buildings are completely packed. Enzymes are
fermenting in the cells. Obedient citizens get used to prison. There is
no depression. We know about the newly arrested and about the
widespread protest on Freedom Day (25 March). The prison greets with
rumbling applause the people who are chanting "Long live Belarus!" and
"Hanba!" ["Shame!"] near the Akrestsina prison gate. My inmates discuss
the best ways to suggest the idea of a solidarity movement to their
colleagues at work – for example, the people outside could begin to
have 2 meals a day, as prisoners do, until everyone is released. The
guys read in Valer Bulhakau's column in Nasha Niva: "Be ready for
everything, but don't give in".
We are proud to receive packages from the outside. Some women have not
chosen the most convenient husbands for themselves. We are glad to see
that the people who came to Minsk from other regions also receive
packages. We were just as glad during trials, when we saw our lawyers
and human rights activists – present, but unable to change the verdicts.
The prison unites. There are a lot of us, and we watch as our
optimistic power catches the attention of convoy guards. The novices
stare at us, start talking. Some even flash V-shaped fingers through
the peepholes of our doors – and this is our victory. "Why so sad,
guys?" asks one of them. "Over there, in the women's cell, there are
syringes and porn magazines" (shortly after the tent camp dispersal,
Belarusian state television showed the images of the tent camp,
allegedly full of drug accessories and porno publications). We burst
into laughter.
We are listening to the radio. We hear about the looming social crisis
in France, and that as a result of Irish pubs going bankrupt, 1200
people have lost their jobs. We note the week-long silence of the
"guarantor of the stability of the socio-economic course". The victory
of Orange forces in the Ukraine becomes clear when we hear that the
state radio is reporting Sunday and Monday long the alleged chaos at
Ukrainian polling stations. The guys feel that there is a drop of our
input in this victory. The Ukrainians noticed early enough what the
Belarusian pals of Symonenko and Vitrenko are doing in order to stay in
power. Nine times a day we hear the Belarusian Foreign Ministry
wrathfully condemning US and EU interference in Belarusian affairs, and
we know: they ask our release. Our guys spoiled the "elegant victory"
of the regime. That is why Lukashenko is silent.
Before March, it seemed to me that the Republic of Lies (RB in
Belarusian means Respublika Belarus, constitutional name of
Lukashenka’s republic; Respublika Brachni is abbreviated the same way)
would live longer than its creator. In prison, I realized that
everything could be over much sooner. I underestimated the force of the
moral engine, which keeps the protests moving, and maintains the width
of the social base for these protests. Differently from 1996 and 2001,
those who went to the square this spring, knew what they were risking.
Who are my inmates? Mostly people who have been imprisoned for the
first time in their lives. Mostly young 18- to 35-year-olds. A computer
programmer from Minsk (born in the town of Braslau, in the north of
Belarus); a DJ from Mahilyou; a sole trader from "Dinamo" market in
Minsk (born in Russia, the son of a military officer, came to Belarus
when he was 17) – they are walking refutations of stupid nationalistic
clichés. There is also a businessman in a cashmere coat, who is
also a protestant priest; a worker and at the same time musician from
Homel; a journalist from the newspaper Belarusy i Rynok, Vadzim
Alyaksandrovich; and Minsk plumber with experience in the leadership of
the "Young Front" youth opposition organization, also experienced in
translating American cartoons into Belarusian.
Akrestsina cells are living a vibrant spiritual life. The preachers
preach about ordeals which God sent to Joseph, dissidents with 20 years
of experience tell about the deeds of past times. The younger prisoners
don't know a thing about the protest spring of 1996. Members of "Zubr"
(a "Otpor"- or "Pora"-like youth opposition organization) are our
special troops – I have learned to recognize and value this only here
in prison, where they show their knowledge and skills. There is no
grief, no fear. There is a feeling of a fulfilled duty. "Who, if not
us?" says the manager from Hrodna, who loaded the trunk of his Ford
with ham, cheese, and tangerines and, at 6 am on 21 March, set off for
Minsk. He reached the square, and was arrested there.
I was arrested on the morning of 21 March, after the first night in the
square. I was not alone in the police bus – riot police loaded it with
people who had heard about the tent camp on the Russian television
channel NTV or on the Internet. The first reaction was solidarity. Only
one was carrying a tent and a fishing-rod for a flag (subjects of
Akrestsina anecdotes), all the rest were carrying food. One woman – 8
bread rolls and a vacuum flask with hot tea; another man – 40 sweet
cheese curds. When I looked at him, I recognized my neighbour. We knew
each other's faces, but had never said "Hi!" to each other before. In
1996, the courts fined people for scuffling with police. In 2006, they
convict young women to 7 days on a plank bed without mattresses for a
flask with tea.
When the shock of the first day fades away, these young women will be
singing the NRM song "Balloon", irritating prison guards with their
jokes, and ringing the melody of "Long live Belarus!" with a prison
bell.
The inmates who were arrested later tell me that these were young women
who began chanting "We shall stay!" on the night of March 21, when
Kazulin proposed to dissolve the tent camp. Milinkevich hesitated, the
men remained silent.
One of the articles in the previous issue of Nasha Niva was called "The
first day of the revolution". There was no revolution, there was a
protest. I believe they had a moral rather than a political nature. If
there are any reasonable people in power, they cannot help paying
attention to the fact that two out of every three cars passing the
square during the protests honked as a sign of solidarity with the
protesters. People say, beginning on 21 March, traffic police reported
the license plate numbers to police blockades further down the road.
The drivers were stopped and fined two blocks away from the square. In
the square itself, the authorities played the game of "democratic
facade".
I am sitting on a long wooden bench (which I also sleep on). It is 28
cm wide, I measured it with a pack of cigarettes. My inmates have their
backs pressed against each other on the plank bed. The night is so
freezing that they have to sleep reversed, facing each others' toes,
bundling up their legs with their coats. The cold crawls inside through
the iron-barred hole where the fire alarm is, which leads into the
corridor. The chilly wind drifts through the chinks in the window with
a matted reinforced glass – during the late Soviet times, such glass
was used to make doors in the apartment blocks of multi-storeyed panel
houses. Akrestsina is finally quiet. Socks dry on a radiator.
"Kent"-butts stick out of the ashtray made out of bread – the only
accessible building material. The brown wooden floor reflects the light
of the bulb, a guard is coughing in the corridor, a small square window
with the feeding-trough is oozing out on the tin-enforced door. If you
don't suffer from claustrophobia, it is quiet and calm here. Everything
is provided for you, nothing depends on you.
Being imprisoned feels like being pregnant: it's worrisome in the
beginning, and in the end. Prisoners discuss which provocation awaits
them at the prison exit. Almost everyone here has an acquaintance who
is under politically motivated criminal investigation. It was
especially painful to hear from Siarhej Salash (he was sent to our cell
one night before court) that secret services stealthily put drugs into
the home of Kastus Shydlouski, the museum conservator from Braslau. One
can expect everything from this regime. The worst tricks of Soviet
times are back, and the repressive machine has grown much larger.
The Soviet Union prepared itself for war with the outside enemy and
invested in advanced missiles. Lukashenko's regime invests everything
into fighting the internal enemy. That is why secret paramilitary units
such as SOBR, "Almaz", PMSP, special departments of the Presidential
Security Service, and the KGB have grown bigger and multiplied. Above
them is the Security Council with Viktar Lukashenka, the president's
son, who is in charge of it all. Internal troops have grown several
times larger, in comparison to Soviet times. It seems like each of
these structures is active around the square.
All arrests happened differently. One student told that "Almaz"
soldiers collected the people they have arrested in the Yanka Kupala
park, beat them unmercifully, and took them to Akrestsina, loaded on
the floors of police buses in several human layers. "Zubr" and regional
activists' phones were tapped. They were arrested as dangerous
criminals on suburban trains or in apartments rented in Minsk for a day
or two.
As far as I can tell from personal contacts, the regime will be able to
rely on a thousand handpicked fighters from special troops for as long
as it can pay their salaries. Elite units are being trained in the
spirit of absolute devotion to the orders of their commander; the law
is not important for them. The fighters feel totally comfortable
falsely accusing other people of "cursing" and the like.
The construction of the repressive system is over. The "ideological
vertical" substitutes itself with the party structure. It coordinates
the indoctrination process of society and controls the behaviour of the
people. The "vertical" joins its ranks with the apparatus of secret
services (ideology specialists often fulfil the duties of staff
managers). Together they organize or forge the pseudo-election
procedures. All this is orchestrated by the manipulated mass media. The
protests are being strangled by law enforcement structures most eagerly
– in advance, with courts, election committees, etc. – just affirming
the decisions which are approved from "above". The favourable economic
state of the market allows its participants to believe in its
durability and, more importantly, in its fairness. Lukashenko's system
will create unlimited spiritual corruption and propaganda idiotism. But
in the beginning it is causing nearly totalitarian devotion in those
who receive pecuniary benefits and ideological satisfaction. This can
be seen in the example of Lidziya Yarmoshina, the chairwoman of the
Central Election Committee.
We, the inhabitants of cell number 13, saw an example of this in
another person. We didn't understand completely who he was. Neither
have we understood why he visited us. It happened on Friday, 24 March,
in the evening. It is important here to remember that on the night of
23 to 24 March, the tent camp was dispersed by force.
Two men in plain clothes entered the cell. They were accompanied by the
Akrestsina cops, all of them high police officers. The first person had
blond hair and was wearing a mink hat. He had a piercing stare, with
unblinking eyes. He could easily get the role of SS-officer in the
"Belarusfilm" casting. He demanded that we tell him who we were working
for. He told us that they decided to go and check the cells, to see
"what kind of people caused all these disturbances". "The minister of
education and I are going to get all of you together for a chat," he
told the youngest of us. Then he swooped down on our programmer, "What
do you need? Don't you get enough money?" The exchange with the DJ
ended with a short lecture, saying that:
<>1.
Kazulin is a traitor and a Gapon priest, he doesn't have any
supporters, except for those who accompanied him to the Palace of
Railroad Workers on
2 March. Kazulin's aides wrote a programmme in which you can easily
substitute the name "Belarus" for "Nizhniy Novgorod region";
2. Milinkevich is a mumbler;
3. We are used to making money, big money. While we were freezing,
Milinkevich wined and dined his family in restaurants;
4. A country for the people is being built in Belarus, and no one has
the right to question the will of 83 per cent of voters;
5. Any protests will be stopped severely.
At this point he appealed to another plain-clothes man, calling him "my
university friend who is now working in Moscow".
The visitors vanished when Vadzim Aleksandrovich began to argue with
them in Belarusian. The Russian "colleague" asked the Akrestsina
director, "Which language does this prisoner speak?" "Belarusian", was
the answer.
The visitors left, and we began to wonder who they were. We asked the
guard, and he answered: "A deputy minister". But the ways and manners
of the visitor did not resemble a deputy minister of the interior. He
was more like a secret service agent. Or a special unit man. I spent a
lot of time trying to recall where I have seen his face. Wasn't he
sitting between A. Lukashenka, S. Sidorski, and M. Paulau during the
"Belarus-Spain" tennis match? Yes, that’s him! Lushnikau, chief of
presidential personal guards! And what was this Russian secret agent
doing together with this man in plain clothes? Does this mean that
between 19 and 25 March there was a (were) Russian consultant(s) in
Minsk? What an interesting turn.
What did this visit mean? Perhaps just a desire to see the "prisoners
of war" with his own eyes. Who are they, who dare to challenge the
empire? The most pleasant thing this man in plain clothes said was that
nobody left the tent camp before the assault "except for our people".
It is getting light outside, which means that cell number 13 will wake
up soon. I have to finish this letter: it is impossible to write when
the inmates are talking, smoking, or satisfying themselves by your
side.
The country made another step in the opposite direction of normality.
The atmosphere of terror was created before the elections, and there
were mass arrests during the March protests.
It doesn't matter anymore whether you break the law. You can be
expelled, fired, beaten up, detained, or imprisoned any time you begin
any activity which is considered to be oppositional.
The regime wanted to strangle the tent camp by blockading it, to take
it over by starvation. The very essence of the regime showed itself by
arresting people who were going to the toilet, by grabbing young women
with thermoses, and by hiding the ‘autozaki’ — trucks for
transportation of detainees — behind the billboards reading "For
prosperous Belarus!". For this regime, the television image outweighs
everything else. The authorities locked up everybody they saw as
potential organizers of protests; then they arrested everybody who
seemed to stir up the protests. But the unexpected happened – three new
people took the place of each one arrested, and people began to carry
food on their bodies. Photographers documented a boy who, happily
smiling, undressed and took down the sausages wrapped around his waist.
The existence of the tent camp inspired thousands of people to heroic
deeds, both large and small. These deeds will stay with these people
for years, lightening their hearts.
Sacrificial therapy – that was the sense of the 2006 protests. The
regime understood that it had lost. They clumsily cleared the tent
camp. This didn't help, so the authorities staged a truly primitive
provocation on Freedom Day, March, 25. This is my vision of these days,
most of which I had to spend behind bars. Please forgive me if I am
wrong.
Alaksandr Milinkevich said that after 19 March, Belarus would wake up
as a different country – creourageous and free. I was not sure then
whether it was just a propaganda trick. I don't know what is happening
out there, outside the prison walls. I don't know who is still free. I
am spending these 10 days among people who have undergone sacrificial
therapy, and these are bright days among bright people. Perhaps
Milinkevich was right.
27 March, 11 pm - 28 March, 6 am
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